New Approaches to Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

New Approaches to Advertising - Essay Example To be sure, consumers and businesses are using other forms of communication to gain the information that was once formally provided by advertising. Furthermore, globalization in the marketplace has not only altered the way the world does business, but effectively altered the way in which business communicate with their more globally aware consumers. To understand these shifts in the paradigm for advertising, one must first understand how advertising works in the first place, and apply this understanding of the industry to the shift in the way that it is working today.Advertising is unlike the direct communication between two people which involves a give and take experience.It is a one way exchange that is impersonal in format. People can selectively notice or avoid, accept or reject, remember or forget the experience and therefore confuse and bewilder the best of advertising plans. Advertising has always been a seemingly inescapable part of western life. It is the ultimate tool that corporations use to communicate to consumers.Through television, radio, newspapers, billboards, and the internet, corporations have benefited from advertising through increased sales.The effects of advertising have appreciably increased the quality of life of consumers.Finally, the communication potential of advertising has made it essential to the function and well-being of today's market. Advertising is an effective function of the economy that is an asset to both corporations and consumers. Corporations have made every effort to submerge consumers in their advertising since the beginning of modern civilization. They money that corporations are willing to spend delivering ads has doubled since 1976, and continues to grow by over 50% every ten years (Olson & Reynolds, 2001). Corporations and businesses are willing to devote such an enormous investment of money simply due to the fact that if done properly, advertising will more than pay for itself. Although most market experts agree that advertising is an exercise in communication and not sales generation, it is without a doubt that the ultimate goal of producing the ad is to increases sales and profits, either directly or otherwise. Throughout the years, advertising has proven effective in attracting consumers and increasing sales directly. This is achieved is two main ways. First, advertising allows businesses a chance to communicate to the consumer in order to persuade and offer reasons as to why their product would be desirable. This raises consumer interest in the product and can eventually result in increased sales. Next, advertising can be used to raise consumer awareness about special events, promotions, or discounts available or to simply remind prospective customers that the business is open and ready to offer goods and services. Advertising effects businesses by helping to build consumer confidence in an advertiser's product. People have been known to buy brands that they know of and in which they have confidence. Advertising helps to achieve this by connecting corporations and their products to consumers. This process is called "branding". Ads can help the corporation make their product known, and to create an image or reputation for the product through the content of the ad. "At Volvic 10 per cent of the buyersof the buyers of this brand of mineral water are regular and loyal and represent 50 per cent of the sales. The reputation of the brand is a source of demand and lasting attractiveness, the image of superior quality and added value justifies a premium price," (Kapferer, 1997). Advertising of this sort

The sense of stability Essay Example for Free

The sense of stability Essay For those who belong to communities it provides the sense of stability. The three essays chosen to support these ideas were: Garrison Keillor, A Wobegon Holiday Dinner; David Berreby, It Takes a Tribe; and John A. Hostetler, The Amish Charter. Garrison Keillor’s essay, Holiday Dinner, supports this assumption, because even thought the story states an abnormal family holiday gathering; it shows at the end â€Å"Life is good. Even when it is lousy, it still good†. Even thought bad things were possibilities by bringing the fiancà ©, due to the past holidays with the family. There was no hesitation because that would bring tradition and stability to life. David Berreby, It Takes a Tribe, it is supporting as well because â€Å"students don’t attend college, they join into tribes†, â€Å"a college campus is full of people inventing a sense of us and a sense of them†. This describes students coming to college to feel a place of belonging. That is why students join fraternities and sororities to feel a sense of them and us. John A. Hostetler, The Amish Charter, supports as well, in order to not break tradition, bright colors were not allowed or disrupt stability. For the Amish community â€Å"the fundamentals if right and wrong are made relevant in the life of the society†.

Strategic Importance of Knowledge Management Essay -- Philosophy Knowl

Strategic Importance of Knowledge Management Today the world has more and more of free flow of information leading to transfer of knowledge from a person or an organization to others. Whereas this invariably leads to faster development, it also impacts the competitive advantage held by the innovators of processes or technology. It has therefore become strategically important for one and all in business to understand the knowledge, processes and controls to effectively manage the system of sharing and transferring the information in the most beneficial fashion. This paper dwells upon definition, types, scope, technology and modeling of knowledge and Knowledge Management while examining its strategic importance for retaining the competitive advantage by the organizations. What is knowledge? Plato first defined the concept of knowledge as ‘‘justified true belief’’ in his Meno, Phaedo and Theaetetus. Although not very accurate in terms of logic, this definition has been predominant in Western philosophy (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995). Davenport et al. (1998) define knowledge as ``information combined with experience, context, interpretation and reflection''. The terms ‘‘knowledge’’ and ‘‘information’’ are often used inter-changeably in the literature and praxis but a distinction is helpful. The chain of knowledge flow is data-information-knowledge. Information is data to which meaning has been added by being categorized, classified, corrected, and condensed. Information and experience, key components of definitions of knowledge, are put into categories through the process of labeling with abstract symbols. This allows the process of synthesis to occur more efficiently than when dealing with masses of individual bits of information. Information coded into symbols to make it â€Å"knowledge† may be stored both inside and outside the individuals. Thus, knowledge may be stored within a person in his mind or outside the person in books, manuscripts, pictures, and audio and videotapes or discs. However, while only the individual himself may retrieve knowledge stored within his mind, kn owledge stored outside can be retrieved by anybody familiar with the storage systems. In organizations, knowledge is often embedded not only in documents and presentations but also in â€Å"organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms,† and through person-to-person cont... ...ress, New York, NY. Schultze, U. and Boland Jr, R.J. (2000), ‘‘Knowledge management technology and the reproduction of knowledge work practices’’, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9, pp. 193-212. Stoner J.A.F., Freeman R. E. and Gilbert D.R. (2004): Management, Pearson Education, U.K. Swan, J. and Newell, S. (2000), ‘‘Linking knowledge management and innovation’’, in Hansen, H.R., Tissen, R., Andriessen, D. and Depres, F.L. (2000), The Knowledge Dividend, Financial Times and Prentice Hall, London. Van Buren, M. (1999), ‘‘A yardstick for knowledge management’’, Training and Development Journal, Vol. 53 No. 5, pp. 71-8. Wagner, E. (2000), ‘‘Communities of practice: the structure of knowledge stewarding’’, in Despres, C. and Chauvel, D. (Eds), The Present and the Promise of Knowledge Management, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA, pp. 205-24. Wheelen T.L. and Hunger J.D. (2004): Strategic Management and Business Policy, Pearson Education, U.K. Winter, S.G. (1987), ‘‘Knowledge and competence as strategic assets’’, in Teece, D.J. (Ed.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies For Individual Innovation and Renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp. 159-84.

The U.S. Constitution and The Patriot Act Essay example -- Government

George Washington once said, â€Å"The Constitution is the guide which I never will abandon.† The first President of the United States knew that the Constitution was and still is the greatest and most important document in America. He said that he would never abandon it and he would never deny it. He would follow it, like it was a guide. The Constitution is supposed to be a guide, which would never be neglected. However, the current government has deserted and almost discarded the United States Constitution. George Washington and the rest of the founding fathers would roll over in their graves if they knew that The USA Patriot Act was an Act now being followed. As Abraham Lincoln said, â€Å"Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties†. The Constitution should not be hindered, and it should never be disregarded. This country was built on the base of the Constitution and the founding fathers wo rked hard to come up with just the precise way to run a republic. The USA Patriot Act is a controversial Act that was made to prevent and penalize all terrorist acts in the United States of America as well as all around the globe. This act was made in order to improve law enforcement investigations, the tools used in those investigations and more. The USA Patriot Act stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. The USA Patriot Act was passed to create some sort of a huge surveillance superstructure. This act was signed into law in 2001 by President George W. Bush and then extended in 2011 by President Barak Obama (Electronic Privacy Information Center). The Patriot Act was largely passed becaus... ... May 2012. . Drucker, David. "Bipartisanship Forms on Both Sides of PATRIOT Act Extension." Roll Call. An Economist Group Business, 03 23 2011. Web. 13 May 2012. . Electronic Privacy Information Center, . "USA PATRIOT Act." Electronic Privacy Information Center (2010): n.pag. EPIC. Web. 13 May 2012. . Ramasastry, Anita. "Explaining the U.S.A. Patriot Act." CNN. (2002): n. page. Web. 13 May. 2012. . Savage, Charlie. "A Patriot Act Surprise." New York Times. (2011): n. page. Web. 13 May. 2012. .

Research Article Analysis Essay

This research article analysis is over the article Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination which is published in the Clearing House Journal and written by Lori Woeste and Beverly Barham. This article can also be found in Week One Electronic Reserve Readings. In this analysis a summary of the article will be provided, the type of information discussed in the article will be given, as well as if the information in this article should be considered reliable and valid. Summary This article is based on basic science research and the role that a team dynamic has on a student. What studies have found is that while the technical portion of research can pose as a challenge, student researchers are often challenged with thriving in various team dynamics as well (Woeste & Barhamm, 2012). Woeste and Barham (2012) explains that understanding the preferred learning style of a student can pose as an advantage for mentors because it allows them to have a better understanding of how meet these challenges. In this article, the authors also chronicles the background of working alongside student researchers whom prefer different learning styles. The authors also correlate this information with how being well-informed on students’ preferred learning styles can contribute towards creating an environment enriched in positive learning experiences, which ultimately results in a winning combination for the team as a whole (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Type of Information The first section of the research paper introduces the two student researchers and his or her preferred learning style. Research student one  (SR1) had a preferred learning style of kinesthetic and research student two (SR2) had a preferred learning style of visual, with both agreeing that auditory was the least preferred learning style. According to Woeste and Barhman, â€Å"The nature of the basic science research required strict adherence to sterile technique, chemical hygiene protocols, quality control guidelines, and handling of microbiological specimens† (2012, pg. 64). Both research students were then asked to demonstrate various techniques needed in basic science research and both did so accordingly, displaying a throrough understanding and competence in the techniques required (Woeste & Barham, 2012). The next section chronicles the beginning of the project. After receiving a detailed plan from the grant application, the student researchers were asked to investigate and report the timing of adherence for bacteria to different substances (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Right away it was noticed that SR1 was experiencing difficulty starting anything new and although SR1 was able to take over once receiving help, there was a significant reoccurrence of the same issue (Woeste & Barham, 2012). However, after moving SR1 from the office space to the laboratory where he or she could have a hands-on approach to using instruments and protocols, SR1 displayed competence in the ability to begin and he or she began a great source of contribution by manipulating items to help in the creative part of the process (Woeste & Barham, 2012). By moving SR1 from the office to the laboratory, the student researcher was able to contribute as well as learn in a learning style that was best suited for his or her needs. While SR2 did not display the need for a hands-on approach to develop new ideas for various parts of the project, it was quickly noticed that SR2 required a need to write down all protocols and information in regard to the project (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Due to the fact that all research should be documented, SR2 was able to contribute to the documentation aspect of the research (Woeste & Barham, 2012). In the end, SR2 was also able to contribute in a manner that benefited the project as well as suited his or her preferred learning style just as SR1 was and together the two complemented one another. Since both students preferred auditory learning least, they were both given sample question that he or she may encounter during the presentation as a way to ease nerves and prepare. The next section of this article explains how SR1 and SR2 did during the  presentation. Both students answered questions and provided information in a manner that was in coherence with each of their learning styles. SR1 spoke with hand gestures, motions, and simulated steps in the laboratory while SR2 referred to the visual poster used in the delivery of the presentation to provide information and answer questions (Woeste & Barham, 2012). The last section of this article includes the conclusion and in findings that were discovered throughout this project. Throughout this project, the authors discovered that taking a learning-center approach, students are able to learn better and work together more efficiently because it attempts to â€Å"contextualize the construct of learning styles, with the ultimate goal of improving pedagogical practice† (Woeste & Barhman, 2012, p. 65). Reliability or Validity This article would be deemed as reliable and valid because of the source from which the information came, the citations and evidence used in the article, and credentials of the authors. The Clearing House is a journal of educational strategies, issues, and ideas through the use of peer-reviewed articles (Taylor and Francis Group, n.d.) The authors also used outside sources and citations from other journals as well as books that come from valid and peer-reviewed articles and information. Last, the authors have credentials in this field of work and study to accurately report and investigate the topic in which this article was about. Conclusion Providing an analysis on a research article requires much more depth and thought than simply reading the content in the article. A reader must begin with first understanding what the article is about and who the authors are and the source from which the article is coming from. Once a student has done this, an outline should be created of each section in the article and a summary should be developed. A summary will help the student to easily identify the main points in the article. After doing so, a highlight of each section should be done so that a quick, yet thorough understanding of the article can be assessed. If all steps are followed, students should be able to correctly present a research paper on articles and after time, improve his or her ability to do so. References Woeste, L. A., & Barham, B. J. (2007). Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination. The Clearing House, 81(2), 63-66. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/196879481?accountid=35812 Taylor and Francis Group. (n.d.). Genamics. Retrieved from http://journalseek.net/cgi-bin/journalseek/journalsearch.cgi?field=issn&query=0009-8655

Free Essays on The First World War

â€Å"Some nations were more to blame than others† The legendary and unforgettable 20th century, an epoch of scientific discoveries, a brand new, flawlessly modern, at the same time secretly mystifying, but none the less attractive and remarkable world. Numerous developments, industrial improvements and technical growth, as well as political progression had made it a period of great changes, both socially and politically, resulting in the horrible, however colossal First World War. Before 1914, the world was merely a community, resembling a battlefield, it had not yet put all the latest hi-tech machinery, of the time, into practice. A front line, which was fought by independent countries in self-sufficient ways, where your neighbour would rarely be involved and the land you fought for was the main objective, became the conflict between many nations, for everyone was in a wild race for power and foreign territories. Due to such intentions, the tension and differences of the various world communities began to evolve. Europe, being the centre of much scientific, artistic and industrial advancement, hosting numerous empires, extremely dominant and able, was gradually building up its fights, clashes and arguments over small, simple issues, which would turn into greater ones reasonably soon. Germany, a nation of strength and remarkable pride, had taken the lead in industry, over Britain. Austria-Hungary, a multicultural environment, containing nations with those who wanted self-government and liberty, was losing its once so firm and respectably well-built supremacy over countries, such as Serbia. Britain, an independent tough and incredibly capable remote island, which wanted equal power for everyone, however remained happy as long as it was a little bit more advanced than anyone else would ever be. A dream come true, however not for long, as the rapid growth of Germany had promptly taken over her marvels. France, a plentiful and s... Free Essays on The First World War Free Essays on The First World War â€Å"Some nations were more to blame than others† The legendary and unforgettable 20th century, an epoch of scientific discoveries, a brand new, flawlessly modern, at the same time secretly mystifying, but none the less attractive and remarkable world. Numerous developments, industrial improvements and technical growth, as well as political progression had made it a period of great changes, both socially and politically, resulting in the horrible, however colossal First World War. Before 1914, the world was merely a community, resembling a battlefield, it had not yet put all the latest hi-tech machinery, of the time, into practice. A front line, which was fought by independent countries in self-sufficient ways, where your neighbour would rarely be involved and the land you fought for was the main objective, became the conflict between many nations, for everyone was in a wild race for power and foreign territories. Due to such intentions, the tension and differences of the various world communities began to evolve. Europe, being the centre of much scientific, artistic and industrial advancement, hosting numerous empires, extremely dominant and able, was gradually building up its fights, clashes and arguments over small, simple issues, which would turn into greater ones reasonably soon. Germany, a nation of strength and remarkable pride, had taken the lead in industry, over Britain. Austria-Hungary, a multicultural environment, containing nations with those who wanted self-government and liberty, was losing its once so firm and respectably well-built supremacy over countries, such as Serbia. Britain, an independent tough and incredibly capable remote island, which wanted equal power for everyone, however remained happy as long as it was a little bit more advanced than anyone else would ever be. A dream come true, however not for long, as the rapid growth of Germany had promptly taken over her marvels. France, a plentiful and s...

World War II in the Pacific - New Guinea, Burma, China

World War II in the Pacific - New Guinea, Burma, China Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory The Japanese Land in New Guinea In early 1942, following their occupation of Rabaul on New Britain, Japanese troops began landing on the north coast of New Guinea. Their objective was to secure the island and its capital, Port Moresby, in order to consolidate their position in the South Pacific and provide a springboard for attacking the Allies in Australia. That May, the Japanese prepared an invasion fleet with the goal of attacking Port Moresby directly. This was turned back by Allied naval forces at the Battle of the Coral Sea on May 4-8. With the naval approaches to Port Moresby closed, the Japanese focused on attacking overland. To accomplish this, they began landing troops along the islands northeast coast on July 21. Coming ashore at Buna, Gona, and Sanananda, Japanese forces began pressing inland and soon captured the airfield at Kokoda after heavy fighting. Battle for the Kokoda Trail The Japanese landings preempted Supreme Allied Commander, Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) General Douglas MacArthurs plans for using New Guinea as a platform for attacking the Japanese at Rabaul. Instead, MacArthur built up his forces on New Guinea with the goal of expelling the Japanese. With the fall of Kokoda, the only way to supply Allied troops north of the Owen Stanley Mountains was over the single-file Kokoda Trail. Running from Port Moresby over the mountains to Kokoda, the trail was a treacherous path that was seen as an avenue of advance for both sides. Pushing his men forward, Major General Tomitaro Horii was able to slowly drive the Australian defenders back up the trail. Fighting in terrible conditions, both sides were plagued by disease and a lack of food. Upon reaching Ioribaiwa, the Japanese could see the lights of Port Moresby but were forced to halt due to a lack of supplies and reinforcements. With his supply situation desperate, Horii was ordered to withdraw back to Kokoda and the beachhead at Buna. This coupled with the repulse of Japanese attacks on the base at Milne Bay, ended the threat to Port Moresby. Allied Counterattacks on New Guinea Reinforced by the arrival fresh American and Australian troops, the Allies launched a counteroffensive in the wake of the Japanese retreat. Pushing over the mountains, Allied forces pursued the Japanese to their heavily defended coastal bases at Buna, Gona, and Sanananda. Beginning on November 16, Allied troops assaulted the Japanese positions and in bitter, close-quarters, fighting slowly overcame them. The final Japanese strongpoint at Sanananda fell on January 22, 1943. Conditions in the Japanese base were horrific as their supplies had run out and many had resorted to cannibalism. After successfully defending the airstrip at Wau in late January, the Allies scored a major victory at the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on March 2-4. Attacking Japanese troop transports, aircraft from SWPAs air forces managed to sink eight, killing over 5,000 soldiers that were en route to New Guinea. With momentum shifting, MacArthur planned a major offensive against the Japanese bases at Salamaua and Lae. This attack was to be part of Operation Cartwheel, an Allied strategy for isolating Rabaul. Moving forward in April 1943, Allied forces advanced towards Salamaua from Wau and were later supported by landings to the south at Nassau Bay in late June. While fighting continued around Salamaua, a second front was opened around Lae. Named Operation Postern, the attack on Lae began with airborne landings at Nadzab to the west and amphibious operations to the east. With the Allies threatening Lae, the Japanese abandoned Salamaua on September 11. After heavy fighting around the town, Lae fel l four days later. While fighting continued on New Guinea for the rest of the war, it became a secondary theater as SWPA shifted its attention to planning the invasion of the Philippines. The Early War in Southeast Asia Following the destruction of Allied naval forces at the Battle of the Java Sea in February 1942, the Japanese Fast Carrier Strike Force, under Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, raided into the Indian Ocean. Hitting targets on Ceylon, the Japanese sank the aging carrier HMS Hermes and forced the British to relocate their forward naval base in the Indian Ocean to Kilindini, Kenya. The Japanese also seized the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Ashore, Japanese troops began entering Burma in January 1942, to protect the flank of their operations in Malaya. Pushing north towards the port of Rangoon, the Japanese pushed aside British opposition and forced them to abandon the city on March 7. The Allies sought to stabilize their lines in the northern part of the country and Chinese troops rushed south to aid in the fight. This attempt failed and the Japanese advance continued, with the British retreating to Imphal, India and the Chinese falling back to the north. The loss of Burma severed the Burma Road by which Allied military aid had been reaching China. As a result, the Allies began flying supplies over the Himalayas to bases in China. Known as The Hump, the route saw over 7,000 tons of supplies cross it each month. Due to the hazardous conditions over the mountains, The Hump claimed 1,500 Allied aviators during the war. Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory The Burmese Front Allied operations in Southeast Asia were perpetually hampered by a lack of supplies and the low priority given the theater by Allied commanders. In late 1942, the British launched their first offensive into Burma. Moving along the coast, it was quickly defeated by the Japanese. To the north, Major General Orde Wingate began a series of deep penetration raids designed to wreak havoc on the Japanese behind the lines. Known as Chindits, these columns were supplied entirely by air and, though they suffered heavy casualties, succeeded in keeping the Japanese on edge. Chindit raids continued throughout the war and in 1943, a similar American unit was formed under Brigadier General Frank Merrill. In August 1943, the Allies formed the Southeast Asia Command (SEAC) to handle operations in the region and named Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten as its commander. Seeking to regain the initiative, Mountbatten planned a series of amphibious landings as part of a new offensive, but had to cancel them when his landing craft were withdrawn for use in the Normandy invasion. In March 1944, the Japanese, led by Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi, launched a major offensive to take the British base at Imphal. Surging forward they encircled the town, forcing General William Slim to shift forces north to rescue the situation. Over the next few months heavy fighting raged around Imphal and Kohima. Having suffered high numbers of casualties and unable to break the British defenses, the Japanese broke off the offensive and began retreating in July. While the Japanese focus was on Imphal, US and Chinese troops, directed by General Joseph Stilwell made progress in northern Burma. Retaking Burma With India defended, Mountbatten and Slim began offensive operations into Burma. With his forces weakened and lacking equipment, the new Japanese commander in Burma, General Hyotaro Kimura fell back to the Irrawaddy River in the central part of the country. Pushing on all fronts, Allied forces met with success as the Japanese began giving ground. Driving hard through central Burma, British forces liberated Meiktila and Mandalay, while US and Chinese forces linked up in the north. Due to a need to take Rangoon before the monsoon season washed away the overland supply routes, Slim turned south and fought through determined Japanese resistance to take the city on April 30, 1945. Retreating east, the Kimuras forces were hammered on July 17 when many attempted to cross the Sittang River. Attacked by the British, the Japanese suffered nearly 10,000 casualties. The fighting along the Sittang was the last of the campaign in Burma. The War in China Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched a major offensive in China against the city of Changsha. Attacking with 120,000 men, Chiang Kai-Sheks Nationalist Army responded with 300,000 forcing the Japanese to withdrawal. In the wake of the failed offensive, the situation in China returned to the stalemate that had existed since 1940. To support the war effort in China, the Allies dispatched large amounts of Lend-Lease equipment and supplies over the Burma Road. Following the capture of the road by the Japanese, these supplies were flown in over The Hump. To ensure that China remained in the war, President Franklin Roosevelt dispatched General Joseph Stilwell to serve as Chiang Kai-Sheks chief of staff and as commander of the US China-Burma-India Theater. Chinas survival was of paramount concern for the Allies as the Chinese front tied down large numbers of Japanese troops, preventing them from being used elsewhere. Roosevelt also made the decision that US troops would not serve in large numbers in the Chinese theater, and that American involvement would be limited to air support and logistics. A largely political assignment, Stilwell soon became frustrated by the extreme corruption of Chiangs regime and his unwillingness to engage in offensive operations against the Japanese. This hesitancy was largely the result of Chiangs desire to reserve his forces for fighting Mao Zedongs Chinese Communists after the war. While Maos forces were nominally allied with Chiang during the war, they operated independently under Communist control. Issues Between Chiang, Stilwell, Chennault Stilwell also butted heads with Major General Claire Chennault, the former commander of the Flying Tigers, who now led the US Fourteenth Air Force. A friend of Chiangs, Chennault believed that the war could be won through air power alone. Wishing to conserve his infantry, Chiang became an active advocate of Chennaults approach. Stilwell countered Chennault by pointing out that large numbers of troops would still be required to defend US airbases. Operating parallel to Chennault was Operation Matterhorn, which called for the basing of new B-29 Superfortress bombers in China with the task of striking the Japanese home islands. In April 1944, the Japanese launched Operation Ichigo which opened a rail route from Beijing to Indochina and captured many of Chennaults ill-defended airbases. Due to the Japanese offensive and the difficulty in obtaining supplies over The Hump, the B-29s were re-based to the Marianas Islands in early 1945. Endgame in China Despite having been proven correct, in October 1944, Stilwell was recalled to the US at Chiangs request. He was replaced by Major General Albert Wedemeyer. With the Japanese position eroding, Chiang became more willing to resume offensive operations. Chinese forces first aided in evicting the Japanese from northern Burma, and then, led by General Sun Li-jen, attacked into Guangxi and southwestern China. With Burma retaken, supplies began to flow into China allowing Wedemeyer to consider larger operations. He soon planned Operation Carbonado for the summer of 1945, which called for an assault to take the port of Guandong. This plan was cancelled following the dropping of the atomic bombs and Japans surrender. Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory

The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Essays

The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Essays The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Paper The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Paper Nepal is the small, one of the poorest country of the world. Yet it is very rich in natural resources and scenic beauty including highest ranges of Himalayas. Nepal is the home of the eight highest mountains out of ten in the world. Mountaineers, trekkers and skilled professionals regularly visit to scale the Mountains in Nepal, which has increased the number of tourist in Nepal. In the last decade, peoples attraction toward the mountaineering has increased a lot, by which number of climbers visiting Mount Everest has also been increased. Due to the increasing number of climbers in the Everest, pollution n and around the Everest has increased and it needs a special attention to prevent from the pollution. Everest attracts people of all around the world. In the past only few climbers who know well about the mountains used to come but today most of the interested people who have enough economic sources visit Himalayas to climb the mountain. According to Nor Sharpe, a mountain tourist guide, people come to climb Everest as they want to be famous scaling the tallest mountain in the world (Everywhere). In the early asses the number of tourist arriving to Nepal was around 400,000 but in last woo years people flowing to Nepal has increased rapidly reaching around 900,000 nearly triple of starting asses as per the statistics given by the Nepal Tourism Statistics in 2012 (Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation As the numbers of climbers has increased, pollution in the highest portion of the peaks has been increased. Pollution in the Everest includes foods, plastics, cans, gas tanks, papers, climbers equipment, human excreta, and also dead bodies of climbers. According to Nor Sharpe in the article, A Conversation with: Mountain Guide Nor Sharpe, if the flow of the climbers is frequent, ore and more waste is created (Everywhere). The article Everest Maxed Out published on June 2013 in National Geographic Magazine by Mark Jean skins provides information about his climbing on Everest and the flow of climbers he saw near camp Ill and pollution in the Everest. Jenkins says, The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are not only dangerously crowded but also disgustingly polluted, with garbage leaking out of the glaciers and pyramids of human excrement befouling the high camps. And then there are the deaths. Pollution due to death of climbers happens especially due to certain change in weather and climbers who is less experienced or trained. Despite of being polluted, Everest fascinates and attracts the climbers toward it every year. As the increasing numbers of trekkers and climbers in the Everest has led to the pollution, government should try to clean up all the wastes in the Everest utilizing the revenue they had earned from the tourism industry. Nor says, the government earnings through tourism has not been utilize in mountains nor for benefit of Sharper (Everywhere). Government would make strict rules and laws to punish the people who makes pollution in the Everest. If the Climbers did not bring back their all used equipments and the trash from Everest they should lose their deposit money and Sharper should be rewarded if they brought wastes to the lower base of Everest. And also government, mountaineering agencies should limit the number of people climbing the mountain in every season or month which will not only helps to control pollution but also maintains the traffic jams in Everest. All the climbers, guides and Sharper should be provided trainings to handle the ever weather condition in mountain so that deaths in the mountains decrease. Decreasing the number of deaths and limiting the number of climbers on Everest pollution will be controlled and also government needs to be aware about the pollution on Everest and utilize their revenue for reducing pollution in mountains. Everest is one of the main factor that world recognizes Nepal, so every concerned individual as well as government and agencies should control pollution. Controlling pollution it will not only preserve the beauty of Everest but also more people can have the glory to scale the Everest in future.

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Critical thinking - Essay Example He uses the church as a source to refer to the hard hearted in support of his position. The church through the ages has at times adopted the doctrine of compel violet, a kind of political dominants, a kind of cultural superiority, a means of political dominance. According to Aristotle the essence of happiness is prosperity combined with virtue. When someone is happy, that is when he or she can make many friends, build a family, make wealth, live long life, excel, have athletic powers and therefore good virtue. Rhetoric is known as the ability of using language efficiently. Aristotle asserts, rhetoric is useful in that; it helps to discover the known and the unknown about a subject. Normally, we use language- in speech or in writing- we engage in a rhetorical work (McKeon, 148). Absolute certainty assumes the knower to understand each concept in its full extension and in its relationship to all other concepts. Absolute certainty precludes doubt of any nature. Absolute certainty holds every thought in total context and always relates all information together as one unified whole. Absolute certainty, defined in this full extension of the term, is possible only to an absolute being that enjoys absolute knowledge. The Corpus of marvel exists when someone evokes or experienced surprise or wonders where as a miracle is an event that occurs inexplicable as per the laws of nature and is taken to be supernatural. Hume defines miracle as a transcriptional of law of nature by a specific volition of Deity. Personally, some experiences are inexplicable i.e. when I got healed stomach ulcers without undergoing any medication (Bailey, Alan & Dan, 212). There are four methods by which we can assure the truth of something. First, is by trusting the source of the information (Lee, 37). For example, by reading a book or review a research study; by using references other than scientific studies such as religious literature. In all cases, the information is usually made clear and

Business and Social approaches to Social media Essay

Business and Social approaches to Social media - Essay Example (Bradley, and McDonald, 2011, pg. 203) The social media has had tremendous influence on the social lives of people as well as on how businesses are marketed. On this case study, I look at the implications of social media on the society and using some companies as case studies, I explore the ways in which businesses can successfully market themselves via social media. Implications of Social Media on Society More than a few students have been kicked out of school for collaborating on Twitter, hi5, Facebook, MySpace, and the like on assigned individual projects. It is no longer news that some individuals have missed out on employment opportunities due to inappropriate content or associations on their Linkedln or Facebook pages. Some teachers have also been requested to step down due to overtly sexual content within their social networks. (Qualman, 2010, pg. 38) However, it is not all bad as sometimes, social media can help in bringing families a little closer by enabling parents to unob trusively follow their kids’ lives. Most times in today’s busy life, parents and teenagers share time only around the dinner table, and then everyone goes about his or her own life. (Qualman, 2010, pg. ... dies, Justin Esch and Dave Lefkow, who over a few beers jokingly posed the question – â€Å"Would it not be great if there was a powder that made everything taste like bacon?† (Qualman, 2010, pg. 29) The beginning of their success was when Dave started MySpace profile dedicated to Bacon Salt. They then used data openly available on MySpace to seek out people who had mentioned bacon in their profiles and found over 35,000 such people. They began reaching out to such people to gauge their interest in Bacon Salt, and not only did they find interest, they started receiving orders even before they had a product yet. (Qualman, 2010, pg. 29) World of mouth took over from there, and as Dave describes it â€Å"It was one person telling another person, telling another person. It was amazing and scary at the time; we were not prepared for the onslaught.† The viral aspect of this experience branched into non-social media channels, and they even received a free endorsement fr om the Gotham Girls Roller Derby team. It is one thing to get buzz about one’s product but it is a completely different thing to sell it – and sell it they did. The spice that made everything taste like bacon incredibly sold 600,000 bottles in only six months. â€Å"We did not even have a product at the beginning; instead, we bought cheap spice bottles, printed out Bacon Salt logos and Scotch taped them onto the bottles†. (Qualman, 2010, pg. 29) The Bacon Salt product and brand was formed entirely using social media. Similar to JetBlue, Zappos, and Comcast, the founders of Bacon Salt started following what people were saying about their product and responding to them. They did other activities, but as Dave and Justin readily admitted, they wanted to keep some of their social media insights to themselves and

Examine the extent to which children have rights in a particular area Essay

Examine the extent to which children have rights in a particular area of law and provision (Abortion) - Essay Example The UK is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on Children’s rights held in the month of December in the year 1991. The Convention acts as a basis for protection of children’s rights in all member states. (Every Child Matters, 2008) The convention provides that all children have the right to life. This brings up a vital question; can a foetus be considered as a child? The United Kingdom recognises viable foetuses as those ones who have exceeded twenty four weeks. (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2004) This is why the Abortion Act of 1967 allows abortions before a pregnancy has reached that stipulated time. In relation to this, the UK only allows abortion in cases where the unborn child will affect his mother’s health both physically and mentally. By providing such a restriction, the unborn child’s right to life is protected because mothers may not terminate their pregnancies for minor reasons. This ensures that unborn children’s rights are protected in the most viable way possible. The Abortion Act of 1967 also provides that abortions should only be carried out after obtaining consent from two medical practitioners. (Abortion right, 2007) The purpose of this stipulation is to further ascertain that abortions are only carried out in extreme conditions and that a child’s best interests are protected even before they are born. However, certain human rights groups like the Society for the protection of the unborn child claims that these laws are not doing enough to protect the unborn child. They argue that all abortions should be made illegal through repealing of the abortion acts relevant to women in the UK today. (Arthur, 2007) Experts agree that the United Kingdom’s abortion laws are quite severe to women but protect unborn children through its restrictions. In comparison to other countries in that area, unborn children take precedence over women. In countries like

SPSS analysis description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SPSS analysis description - Research Paper Example lso known as engineered wood, DIY composite wood includes an extensive range of derivative wood products manufactured by binding or fixation of strands, particles, fibers, or veneers (boards of wood), with adhesives, or other fixation methods in order to form composite materials. The products are engineered to match specific design specifications that are tested in order to meet national/international standards. The products are used in a range of applications, including, home construction, commercial construction and industrial products. Further, the products are usable for beams and joists which have replace steel in several construction projects. Composite products have a lengthy history of provision of safe and comfortable shelters. Over the last 60 years, development of gluing, connection as well as grading technology has produced new engineered wood products which extend even beyond possibilities for construction of wood. Estimates indicate that more than 90% of existing houses in North America are made of composite materials1. In this area, duplexes, row houses as well as three-story apartments, approximately 85% of are made of wood frames. Additionally, most of the low-rise commercial buildings are made from wooden products. DIY wooden products open new possibilities for use of wood in more such buildings, thanks to their increased span capability as well as performance characteristics2. Conventionally, the products are made from hardwoods and softwoods similar to the ones inn lumber manufacture. Sawmill scraps as well as other wood waste can be used in engineered wood comprised of wood particles/fibers, although whole logs are typically used for veneers, including plywood, MDF and particle board3. Existing literature suggest that such composite materials combined with other materials are subject to adoption of multiple safety measures throughout their entire manufacturing processes. Such precautionary measures are important in mitigation of probable

Product and Brand Life Cycle Management Assignment

Product and Brand Life Cycle Management - Assignment Example Writing on marketing trends and PLC, Kvesic (2008) observed that the ability of a product to withstand the market over very long time is directly influenced by the extent by which the product responds to present needs of the market. The Apple iPhone 6 and most of its processor brands can thus be noted to be such products that were introduced to meet current demand of phone users. For example, most phone users are now enthused with large screen, flatter and high function operating system, all of which this phone provides (Thomas and Bradshaw, 2014). Whiles the Apple iPhone 6 is in its growth stage, the Moto X, which is a product in the same industry as the former can be said to be in its decline stages or even beyond. Even though the Moto X could be said to have dominated the market well when it was first introduced back in 2013, the same cannot be said of the product today. It is for this reason that the product is said to be at the decline stage of the PLC. This is because at the decline stage of the PLC, Kvesic (2008) noted that the demand for a brand or product begins to drop drastically. Such drop in demand automatically affects sales and the capital injection into the marketing of the product. Interestingly for the Moto X, the maturity of the brand on its lifecycle was not directly related to what was happening with Smartphone as a product. This is because even the declining performance of the brand, other brands of Smartphone that were introduced at the time experienced peaked sales. A typical example of this was the iPh one 5c (Dilger, 2013). From the observation made above where it has been stated that iPhone 5c flourished whiles Moto X declined, it can be noted that marketing mix variables have a lot of roles to play in the marketing of brands and products according to their lifecycle (Perreault Jr., Cannon & McCarthy, 2014). For

SPSS analysis description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SPSS analysis description - Research Paper Example lso known as engineered wood, DIY composite wood includes an extensive range of derivative wood products manufactured by binding or fixation of strands, particles, fibers, or veneers (boards of wood), with adhesives, or other fixation methods in order to form composite materials. The products are engineered to match specific design specifications that are tested in order to meet national/international standards. The products are used in a range of applications, including, home construction, commercial construction and industrial products. Further, the products are usable for beams and joists which have replace steel in several construction projects. Composite products have a lengthy history of provision of safe and comfortable shelters. Over the last 60 years, development of gluing, connection as well as grading technology has produced new engineered wood products which extend even beyond possibilities for construction of wood. Estimates indicate that more than 90% of existing houses in North America are made of composite materials1. In this area, duplexes, row houses as well as three-story apartments, approximately 85% of are made of wood frames. Additionally, most of the low-rise commercial buildings are made from wooden products. DIY wooden products open new possibilities for use of wood in more such buildings, thanks to their increased span capability as well as performance characteristics2. Conventionally, the products are made from hardwoods and softwoods similar to the ones inn lumber manufacture. Sawmill scraps as well as other wood waste can be used in engineered wood comprised of wood particles/fibers, although whole logs are typically used for veneers, including plywood, MDF and particle board3. Existing literature suggest that such composite materials combined with other materials are subject to adoption of multiple safety measures throughout their entire manufacturing processes. Such precautionary measures are important in mitigation of probable

Research Paper on Censorship Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On Censorship - Research Paper Example Censorship has been used throughout the history not only in communist countries but in democratic countries as well. From the beginning of civilization, censorship has been used by groups as well as individuals to prevent and control dangerous creations, information and ideas which are pernicious for the society. Throughout history it has taken different courses and occurred for various reasons. The main causes of censorship are religion, politics and sex related issues. Censorship are usually done in several areas such print media (newspaper), radio and television for religious purposes and offensive texts and objectionable speeches or behavior. Censorship should be done to benefit the society as a whole, as it is essential to protect the society from internal threat, to maintain peace and order. Censorship is needed and can be justified as censorship is pivotal to maintain social stability, racial harmony and to protect the mass from dangerous influences which can hamper the social growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people who are against censorship argues that censorship should not be done as the banning of ideas, thoughts and information in any stream  is unconstitutional, for the first amendment guarantees freedom of speech and the press. The Amendment 1 dictates that: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievance† (Bill of Rights: Amendment I 1). The constitution did provide us with the freedom of speech and press, but it is not right to take this freedom and say anything we want anywhere, at anytime. Freedom should be used but in no way should it be misused. For example if a person hates another race and writes a book about abolishing that race, that person is clearly misusing his / her rights and at the same time dis rupting the harmony of the society. History has shown us time and again that man is an animal if not regulated by rules and regulations. If censorship is not done, the society, as we know, will be chaotic. Freedom should not be taken for granted and should not be misused. Censorship keeps freedom in control to maintain the social order.   It should be kept in mind that too much information can be and often is a dangerous thing. Having said that, it is true, there are some facts that are not suitable for the entire public. Censorship makes sure that dangerous ideas, ideologies, philosophies and outlook does not disrupt the citizens of the state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In today’s world, media plays a crucial role in influencing both good and bad behavior and ideas. One cannot argue the fact that it depends on the individual choices and what he / she feels like watching. But, the reality is that when one watches a television show, it stagnates into the memory. This often res ults in young people ending up absorbing information far more than they needed for their age group and this has a negative impact on them. Youth’s mind should not be tampered with negative thought or ideas as they are easily influenced by what they see and hear around them. If there is no censorship to check what the youth are watching, this can have a dangerous impact. There is no harm in filtering what

A Study of Globalisation Essay Example for Free

A Study of Globalisation Essay Executive Summary This paper attempts to make sense of globalisation from a social and business perspective. Initially I will talk briefly about globalisation within our community and the different stand points those communities and individuals have taken; for and against globalisation. I will then talk about the multinational companies that have made the phenomenon of globalisation possible and these companies various impacts on societies and local communities around the world. The topic is further analysed by using multinational food retailing companies in Latin America as a case study. Displayed to the reader through this case will be a clear indication of how local communities and in particular their farmers are affected by globalisation and multinational companies. There are many different views on globalisation; and those against it oppose many different aspects of it. One of the countless reasons why there are anti-globalisation activists is due to the following: Multinational food retailing companies, the backbone of what is known as globalisation within the supermarket industry, have in many cases entered small farming communities around the globe and destroyed a way of life for many of the farmers and labourers around them. Within Latin America these farmers have been forced to flee their homes to find refuge within the slums of the urban sprawls within their cities or even to cross borders into the USA. Introduction to Globalisation Definition: Globalisation can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa (Giddens 1990). It has also been described as process which embodies a transformation in the spatial organisation of social relations and transactions assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact generating transcontinental or inter-regional flows and networks of activity. (Held, et al 1999) In relation to Latin America (the major area of discussion of this paper) globalisation can be defined as a practice or system that has affected several of the continents most persistent problems. Such problems would be the diverse extent of economic exploitation and social disparity that has branded Latin America ever since its European colonisation in the sixteenth century. (Harris Halebsky 1995) Pro-globalisation: Free trade fosters prosperity and has an extremely important characteristic that affects our way of life. This characteristic is actually its tendency to be able to prevent war. Extensive research has shown that trade promotes peace both directly, by reducing the danger of military divergence, and indirectly, by promoting prosperity and democracy (Weede 2004). Globalisation and free trade in the 20th century and beyond can be compared with the 19th Century expansion of empires (like the British Empire). These empires built an infrastructure in developing countries; railways, ports and beautifully constructed colonial buildings were just some of the benefits these developing countries could take advantage of. Even though these commodities werent built for the benefit of the developing country (they were built for British trade) they still ultimately increased these countries abilities to trade and to become technologically independent. In the 20th Century infrastructure, technology, health and education systems implemented by the world powers, in developing and developed countries, has improved the overall quality of life for people worldwide, this does not include Africa. The average GDP for all countries except Africa has gone up; however the downside is; the difference between the rich and poor countries has also increased. The reason for this is that the countries introducing themselves to the developing countries are actually gaining a much more significant benefit. Anti-globalisation: This term is more commonly attributed to the political standpoint of certain people, groups and organisations that are in opposition to certain facets of globalisation. Those in resistance often oppose large multi-national companys dominance of global trade agreements and trade-governing bodies like WTO (the World Trade Organisation) (Graeber 2002). Otherwise known as a social movement, anti-globalisation represents its participants in their opposition to large corporations who endeavour to attain and have attained political power. Political power can be put into effect via international trade agreements, anti globalisation activists scrutinize these agreements, stating that they quite often undermine the environment, labour rights, national sovereignty, the third world, and other various aspects of our everyday lives as human beings (Graeber 2002). It is common knowledge that globalisation and free trade can affect developing countries negatively, however, the worlds most developed countries and the people who live within them are also affected negatively. Globalisation forces job opportunities from these developed countries to other countries around the world and low skilled workers in developed countries lose their jobs. This increases the difference between the rich populace and poorer populace in that country. The following quote, from the United Nations, backs this statement up and shows us why there are anti-globalisation activists. The richest fifth of the world have 80% of the worlds income and the poorest fifth have 1%; this gap has doubled between 1960 and 2000 (United Nations 1999) largely due to the impacts of globalisation. As displayed above, multi-national corporations play a substantial role within the theory and practice of globalisation, these corporations are powerful by nature and currently account for over 33 per cent of world output, and 66 per cent of world trade (Gray 1999). These organisations even though considered to be global companies are still heavily nationally embedded in terms of their business activity (Hirst and Thompson 1996). Despite this; multinational corporations still have considerable economic and cultural power. The next section of this paper will talk about these companies, their branding and how they affect communities around the world. Globalisation Multinational Companies Social Impact (How do they impact our local communities?) Branding: The main driving force for the growth of multi-national companies and the globalisation of their impact is in their brand (Klein 2001). In the mid-1980s a management theorists came up with a seemingly harmless idea that successful corporations must primarily produce brands, as opposed to products. This idea led to the exorbitant expansion of wealth and cultural influence we see in multinational companies today and over the past fifteen years (Klein 2001). Brand builders are the new primary producers in our so-called knowledge economy (Klein 2001). Modern multinational companies have used a strait to the point yet brutally honest approach to branding over the past fifteen years. This approach is that companies should not disburse their limited capital on factories that will require physical maintenance, on equipment that will decay or on workers who will undoubtedly age and perish. As an alternative, they should focus that capital in the processes used to build their brands (Smith Smith 2002). Multinationals: Multinational corporations are in actuality weak and vague organisations that generally display the corrosion of everyday values that afflict practically all late contemporary social institutions (Gray 1999). Diverse communities around the world are impacted and exploited by these multinational companies. They continually create or contract business in countries where they can profit from cheaper wages and assets. As discussed earlier this can mean added wealth and infrastructure for that community. However, it quite often means increased levels of unemployment in the city/country where the industry was located beforehand. Not to mention that the wages payed and work environment in the communities where the operations are implemented are usually relatively poor (Smith Smith 2002). Below are a few examples that articulate this situation perfectly: * The numbers of people living on less than $2 per day has risen by almost 50% since 1980, to 2.8 billion-almost half the worlds population. And this is precisely the period that has been most heavily liberalized (World Bank 2000). * The worlds poorest countries share of world trade has declined by more than 40 per cent since 1980 to a mere 0.4 per cent (UNCTAD 1999). This has been precisely the period in which the majority of multinational companies have grown exponentially, and is obviously a large factor resulting from their growth. Multinationals apart from affecting whole economic systems of countries and communities also attempt to create new markets within these communities. They search for new markets which have not yet been exploited in order to increase sales; it is typically carried out by creating new desires among target groups. The easiest target market for multinational companies to create new desires for is the child and youth market. Prized not only for the influence they have over adult spending but also for their own escalating spending power, the youth of today are one of the most profitable and influential markets (Kenway and Bullen 2001). Despite all this negative hype about multinational companies; they have played a very significant role in the growth of globalisation. Around the world individuals and communities are linked much closer to each other and information and money flow quicker than ever before. Globalisation and its creation of multinationals has resulted in making goods and services in one part of the world increasingly available in all parts of the world. International travel and communication is also much more frequent. In all globalisation has made life easier for those who can actually afford the luxuries of travel and international business. (Sourcewatch 2006). The Food Chain; Survival of the Biggest A case study of Latin America and the detrimental effects globalisation and multinational food retail companies have had on its local farmers. Commodity prices have fallen dramatically, by some two thirds over the past 30 years, so that farmers have had to triple production just to maintain their incomes. One example among many: in just the last three years, Tanzanian farmers experienced a decline of 50% in the price of coffee. (OXFAM 2001) While farmers earn less, consumers have been paying more. (ONeill 2001) Although, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Latin America produces four times the amount of food needed to feed the population, 58 million people are still malnourished. Introduction: During the 1980s a transformation within Latin America began; this transformation was one that would shape the future of farmers all over the continent for decades to come. For some it would be a positive change, however a large majority found it to be the opposite. The transformation I talk about is opening up of trade barriers within Latin America in order to allow food retailing companies access to the regions un-commercialised and fertile lands. During the 1990s the revolution in food retailing within Latin America accelerated extraordinarily as countries unbolted their economies to suit conditions for financing from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. As Latin Americas overall FDI significantly increased; multinational food retailers bought out local chains and entered joint ventures with the obstinate ones. The greatest fears for farmers in the region were realised when the multinational companies introduced unfair trade rivalry from American and European growers with weighted financial backing. Small farmers are constantly left to compete with the biggest world players as these food retailing chains (products of globalisation) move from large cities to smaller towns and from economically sound countries to ones still developing their economic and social systems (Dugger 2004). These chains are now the prevailing force in the trade of processed foods and theyre produce sales are growing to a similar reputati on. When global food retail companies dominate a market, there are scenarios whereby it can be seen to be advantageous for all the citizens within that community. Such a scenario would be when the economy, of the region being taken over, is growing energetically and spawning decent jobs for globalisations losers, because in spite of everything the chains are creating cheaper, cleaner and safer shopping environments for these societies. Samuel Morley, a visiting research fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), has written extensively on inequality and labour economics in Latin America, he stated that It would be an appealing transformation of the sector if alternative jobs could be made available, however these scenarios never seem to materialise in Latin America and other developing countries/continents around the world as they do not have economies of great strength. As Latin Americas population grows its economic situation trails further and further behind. In Latin America, 220 million of the total regional population of 500 million people are poor. The case study that I will shortly talk about outlines just how bad the situation in Guatemala is, Guatemala is actually one of Latin Americas better off regions, with supermarkets controlling 10-15% of grocery sales. Therefore the case gives you an indication of what the more unfortunate farming communities, in Latin America, must have to endure. For example in Argentina supermarket chains control 30% of this industry and in Brazil; 50% (Dugger 2004). Rural markets shrink throughout the continent, even though the victims of globalisation are pushed to trade within them, these rural markets are slowly but surely lost in the black holes that we call multinational companies. Within a single decade Latin Americas farming communities have been transformed by food retail giants such as Ahold and Walmart. These multinational goliaths have transfigured food distribution by offering low prices, a range of choices and convenience; they are now also changing the face of food growing (Dugger 2004). This could seem positive to some, however it is far from that; there are thousands of Latin American farming communities who have been devastated by the unforseen and overwhelming challenges that these companies bring (Dugger 2004). The major visible impact that these changes have had within the farming communities over the past decade is the great increase in the number of, now penniless, farming migrants entering the urban slums of their own countries and crossing the American border to seek refuge from their new corporately governed country side. Guatemalas Local Farmers Suffer (Case): Within the serene confines of the extraordinarily fertile and incredibly poor Guatemala, supermarket giants have crushed farmers to the point where they are no longer able to maintain operations within the land they once called home. Guatemala was once, not long ago, a place where people swapped produce for service and service for produce, money was required to sustain theyre everyday living, however, life was effortless and uncomplicated up until the multinational giants arrived on Latin American shores. Guatemalan man Mario Chinchilla would inspect his field of sickly tomatoes on a daily basis; he would labour all day trying to meet the requirements of the new supermarkets which had opened up in town, however no amount of labour could possibly turn his crop into the stout, flawless product that Guatemalas leading supermarket chain offered to its customers (Dugger 2004). A better product at a cheaper price, it seems good all round doesnt it, but at the end of the day it has ruined many people lives. The chain I talk about is a giant Dutch multinational company named Ahold (Worlds 3rd largest retailer). The Chain is so large it includes names such as Bi-Lo and Stop Shop under its assets. For some time Mario headed a farmers cooperative that was managing to sell produce to the chain however this proved to be an ephemeral opportunity whereby the multinational chain ran away with the locals hopes and dreams, leaving them to sit in their unsold crops of rotting vegetables. The reason for this was because the multinational retailers require farmers who encompass the proficiency and capital to invest in modern farming technologies such as; greenhouses, drip irrigation and pest control (Dugger 2004). They wanted consistent supply without ups and downs, said Mr Chinchilla. We didnt have the capacity to do it (Dugger 2004). Inequality, rebellion and violent repression within Latin America has been a recurring problem for many decades, during the 1990s there was already a gap between rich and poor and the supermarket chains have simply added to this gap. This time Latin America has tried a different (non-violent) approach. In order to fight for their right to live comfortably in their homeland farmers joined forces; there are rare success stories, however many (like Mario Chinchilla and his Co-op) have suffered a more common fate. In Guatemala there is a tiny farming community named Lo de Silva; more than 300 farmers who originally belonged to Mr. Chinchillas co-op, the Association of Small Irrigation Users of Palencia, were from this village (Dugger 2004). Out of those 300 farmers there are only 8 still enduring the torment that globalisation has brought them. These remaining farmers arent even able to sell to the supermarkets they sell their product to middle men for severely discounted prices; to top this off the only product the middlemen will accept from them is salad tomatoes. Mr. Chinchillas case is an ideal example that demonstrates how the opportunity of success for small farmers is a remote prospect to most. Small farmers are simply getting left behind due to their lack of market pull and marketing/operational techniques (Dugger 2004). A survival of the biggest situation has been created only the big can serve the big; the small need not apply, as global companies wipe out local distinctions in establishing a level economic playing field. (Hannaford 2006). During the 1990s food retail conglomerates went from controlling between 10 and 20 percent of the Latin American market to totally dominating it (Economist.com 1997). During this period, in Guatemala specifically, the quantity of supermarkets has more than doubled; as their share of food retailed has reached 35 percent. The smaller shops and open air markets still remain and retail a great deal of fruits and vegetables in Guatemala. For customers to leave these historically enriched and characterised markets and enter the newly opened supermarkets in the region, is to leave behind Guatemala and enter a commercialised shopping centre that could reside in Hong Kong or London, with its marked down jumbo packages and symmetrical fruits in plastic trays. None of this, however, matters unless the bottom line is understood. The bottom line is that the rules of the World Trade Organisation are actually taking second place in importance to the privately set standards of the food retail giants. Also pressures from the I.M.F. and the World Bank to allow greater foreign investment into Latin America were proposed to formulate more competitive economies for them; however it is obvious that this model didnt have a community element at its centre. Hardships have come from; not only what I described previously (the fact that the farmers must sell theyre produce at much cheaper prices, better quality and in a more convenient matter) but also from the fact that that they are now competing with the rest of Latin America, the United States and even the world because trade borders have been opened to allow almost anyone import and export capabilities. Rigid opposition from internationally renound growers is now a reality for Central and Latin American farmers; at a distribution centre, for a subsidiary company of Ahold in Guatemala City, shipments of apples from Washington, pineapples from Chile, potatoes from Idaho and avocados from Mexico are brought in (Hannaford 2006). Conclusion Globalisation has positive and negative affects on our society. This paper has outlined in great detail the negative affects of globalisation and multinational food retailing companies on Latin Americas and the worlds small farmers. The reason for this is due to the fact that there were; only on occasion, very rare and unusual success stories to be found about smaller farmers succeeding in their sales to companies such as Ahold and Walmart, within Latin America. After researching farming communities around the globe, it can be deduced that Latin America is not alone in this battle to produce food and sell it at competitive prices, while still maintaining some sort of meaningful social existence. Asian, African and Indian farmers; have been heavily exploited. Even farmers within more developed countries such as Australia have had to sell their products at severely discounted prices in order to satisfy multinational company standards. Farmers world wide, are however, not alone. Traditional strategies of help to farmers that feel the hardships of globalisation, such as providing fertilizers and improved seeds, are no longer enough to enable them to sustain their businesses. Professors and agronomists are banding together to document trends and develop new methods of help that will allow the fleeing farmers of Latin America, Africa and Asia to compete with others in selling products to the multinationals. In the midst of the these methods a few techniques stand out, such as; regulations put upon the multinationals that require farmers be paid promptly, laws that restrain these companies from dominating entire markets (such as mergers of supermarket chains) and enhanced hygiene and convenience through technology at open-air markets. After reading this paper I hope you too can conclude it is important that societies living within the limitations of this amazing world are given the chance to experience lifes pleasures and break out of the chain of inevitable failures that multinational corporations have brought to them. Being given the chance to make an honest and fair living, is only basic compassion and mercy; two marvellous characterises that any individual can encompass. If multinational food retail companies and global companies in general were able to, in some way, display this, then Anti-Globalisation would be a much less used expression. References * Dugger, C. W., (2004) Foreign Desk Late Edition Final, Section A, Page 1, Column 1, New York Times December 28, Tuesday. (http://www.nytimes.com) * Economist.com, (1997) Survey: Business In Latin America Back on the pitch, The Economist print edition. * Giddens, A., (1990) Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press. * Graeber, D., (2002) New Left Review 13, January-February issue, The New Anarchist. * Gray, J., (1999) False Dawn. The delusions of global capitalism, London: Granta. 262 pages. * Hannaford, S., (Last updated 2006) Small farmers versus oligopolies: No contest, (http://www.oligopolywatch.com). * Harris, R. L., Halebsky, S., (1995) Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America, chapter: The Global Context of Contemporary Latin American Affairs, (Boulder. CO., Westview Press.) * Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D. and Perraton, J. (1999) Global Transformations politics, economics and culture, Cambridge: Polity Press. * Hirst, P. and Thompson, G., (1996) Globalisation in Question. London: Polity Press. * Kenway, J. and Elizabeth Bullen, (2001) Consuming Children: Entertainment, Advertising and Education, Open University Press. * Klein, N., (2001) No Logo, London: Flamingo. 490 pages. * ONeill, B., (2001) Whats eating Us? OXFAM News. (http://www.oxfam.ca/news/WorldFoodDay/Whats_eating_us.htm) * OXFAM. (2001) Briefing Paper No 9, November. (http://www.oxfam.org.uk/search?SearchableText=Briefing+Paperssubmit.x=19submit.y=8) * Smith, M. K. and Smith, M., (2002) Globalization encyclopaedia infed. (www.infed.org/biblio/globalization.htm) * Sourcewatch 2006 Globalisation, (Centre for Media and Democracy) http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Globalization). * UNCTAD. (1999) Conference on Least Developed Countries. (http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3073lang=1) * United Nations. (1999) Human Development Report. * Weede, E., (2004) The Independent Review, Volume 9, number 2, The Diffusion of Prosperity and Peace by Globalisation. * World Bank. (2000) Global Economic Outlook Report. Washington: World Bank.(http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,menuPK:232599~pagePK:64133170~piPK:64133498~theSitePK:239419,00.html)

The Aspect Of Healthy Eating Children And Young People Essay

The Aspect Of Healthy Eating Children And Young People Essay The object of research is to determine how things are as compared to how things might be. Children and young people spend a considerable amount of time between the ages of three and sixteen in school. Therefore, school is a place to send out constant messages on healthy eating. This exploration aims to evaluate health promotion in a primary school. It will focus on the aspect of healthy eating as part of health promotion in schools. The Irish heart foundation (2011) state that one in four primary school children are overweight or obese and this is why this research is relevant. They also state that knowledge on healthy eating can be considered as one of many factors that influence eating habits. This investigation also aims to explore childrens knowledge on healthy eating in line with the curriculum and the Food Standards Agency (equivalent in Ireland). This investigation will show childrens knowledge of healthy eating by conducting a focus group. Adequate nutrition and physical acti vity in childhood is fundamentally important for growth, development and long-term health in adulthood (Sheppard, 2008). The author completed three weeks in a primary school on work experience. The researcher noticed that there was a lack of knowledge on healthy eating and it would be a relevant topic for a dissertation. The researcher asked the children aged eleven and twelve; what vegetables did you eat for dinner yesterday? One of the answers was rice which suggested a lack of knowledge of different food groups. Promotion of healthy heating in schools is one of the most important opportunities to ensure that children can choose a healthy diet now and later in life (Health promotion department, 2005). Exploring factors of childhood ability to understand the impact of nutrition will be basis to this study. Evaluating health promotion within the school will also be key. The national council for curriculum and assessment (NCCA) states that Developing health-promoting practices through his/her time in school can encourage the child to take increasing control over his/her own health and help to establish and maintain healthy behaviour from an early age. Healthy eating promotion ought to be taken serious in schools as children and young people are not in school forever and it can have a major impact on their lifestyles. One seeks to find out if the children know what they are eating is healthy and how different foods fall into different food groups. The Irish Heart Foundation (2011) State that maintaining a healthy weight involves balancing the energy taken into the body (food) with the energy used by the body (activity). Energy balance means that the amount of energy consumed is equivalent to the amount of energy expended and there is no storage or depletion of the bodys reserves (Bouchard, 2000). Children should know about good fats and bad fats in food to get a steady energy balance. It has been evidenced through research that following a healthy diet can significantly reduce the perceived health risks amongst children. A healthy diet will positively influence a childs current and future health status, reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes (The department of Public Health, 2011). Food Standards Agency UK has set out a framework for food competences on core skills and knowledge children for young people. It states that children of a certain age should have certain skills and certain knowledge on nutrition. One will find the equivalent in Ireland and put the selected focus group to the test to see if they have adequate knowledge on healthy eating. Health Behaviour in school-aged (HBSC, 2006) report has shown that many young people have poor eating habits. Food and drink are a vital part of our daily lives. They play the essential role in the development of the human being (Healthy food for all 2012). For young people to achieve their full potential, it is necessary that they eat healthily. There are many factors that can affect future health status in children and young people. During the mid-1980s the school as a health promoting situation was a somewhat under-developed idea in Ireland. Schools lay the foundations for children to carry lifestyles into adult life. Initially led by the health sector, a partnership approach between health and education has enabled the more widespread acceptance of school-based approaches to health maintenance and improvement (Gabhainn, OHiggins Barry 2010). Ireland was one of the first to adopt the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) approach. Schools remain one of the few places where children are reasonably protected for commercial interests. (NCCA) set out the curriculum for primary schools in Ireland in 1999. A compulsory subject known as social, personal and health education (SPHE) was introduced. It is designed to run with the whole school approach to health promotion (Department of education and science, 2000). The curriculum is presented in six subject strands comprising of 11 subjects. One of strands is called (SPHE). SPHE provides particular opportunities to foster the health and well-being of a child. Through the SPHE programme children can develop a sense of personal responsibility for their own health and for the decisions and the choices they make. The Irish Governments National Health Promotion Strategy was set in place between 2000 and 2005. Its aim was for every school to promote healthy eating habits and a healthy body image among school-going children and young people. Every school had to facilitate the implementation of health education and health promotion programs. Food Dudes is one of the many programs which schools got in partnership with. It was developed by the food activity research unit at Bangor University, Wales, to encourage children to eat more fruit and vegetables both in school and at home. Eating habits throughout life are established at a young age. Therefore, learning to choose and enjoy different foods in childhood provides the foundation for healthy food choices in childhood (Department of health and children, 2011). As children are in school thirty seven weeks of the year, schools have the potential to play a significant role in promoting healthy eating habits amongst children. The researcher will use children aged eleven and twelve because they are about to make the transition from primary school to secondary school and as per key stages 2 in Wales and The Food Standards Agency UK, they should have sufficient nutritional knowledge. The researcher will take the approach of a qualitative method. A focus group is a group interview with four to twelve people (OLeary, 2010). Focus groups will be considered to conduct the investigation. Questionnaires will also be considered but a focus group would get more of and in-depth knowledge from the participants. One of the advantages of a focus group is that it can develop its own dynamics, and will explore an issue with minimum intervention from the researcher (Oliver, 2010). The aim of the focus group is to use rich discussion draw out depth of opinion and knowledge that probably would not occur from direct interviews. Children at the age of eleven and twelve will be selected at random to for the group. The researche r will then ask questions to get an idea of the childrens knowledge for the grounding of the study. Probes will then be used to elaborate on some of the answers. The researcher will stimulate the discussion and will use some food as focus materials to help the group focus on the topic of study. The Meeting will be recorded for further observation. It allows for non verbal as well as verbal data. It deals not with what people say but what they actually do to the extent that their behaviour is open to observation (Gillham, 2008). The researcher will collect data by taking records. One will also observe and analyse the recorded video of the session. First of all, the recorded text will have to be read. Secondly, the researcher will watch and listen to the tape recording many times. As the researcher observes the tape one will make note of any impressions that maybe useful at a later stage. One will focus on the information given in many ways as there will be different individual or group reaction on different questions and topics. The data will be organised by question to look across all answers so the researcher can identify consistencies and differences. All data from each question will be put together. The researcher will set specific categories in advance and then observe for the data in these categories. The categories should provide a path on where the researcher wants to go. Connections between the categories and within the categories should start to take place. One will count how many times a topic com es up as this should show which categories are the most important. With this all done the researcher will use topics and connections to explain findings. A hard copy and an electronic copy of all information will be kept. By having an electronic copy, text can be moved around very easy and one may wish to copy information onto excel for tables for example.

Admissions Essay - My Father Died of AIDS :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay -Â  My Father Died of AIDS Â   Seventeen years ago, I came bounding into a world of love and laughter. I was the first child, the first grandchild, the first niece, and the primary focus of my entire extended family. Although they were not married, my parents were young and energetic and had every good intention for their new baby girl. I grew up with opportunities for intellectual and spiritual growth, secure in the knowledge that I was loved, free from fear, and confident that my world was close to perfect. And I was the center of a world that had meaning only in terms of its effect on me-- what I could see from a height of three feet and what I could comprehend with the intellect and emotions of a child. This state of innocence persisted through my early teens, but changed dramatically in the spring of my sophomore year of high school. My beloved father was dying of AIDS. Â   From the moment my parents told me, I confronted emotions and issues that many adults have never faced. Â   Death of a parent, and AIDS specifically, forced my view of the world and my sense of responsibility to take a dramatic turn. I had already accepted my father's homosexuality and had watched through the years as he experienced both prejudice and acceptance related to his sexual preference. However, in this case I did not have the benefit of time to understand my father's illness since he decided not to tell me until he had developed full-blown AIDS. My role in the relationship was suddenly reversed. Â   Where I had once been the only child of my single father, I was now the parent to the debilitated child. Â   Â   By the summer of my junior year, I had rearranged the structure of my life; as my father's illness progressed and he became increasingly incapacitated, he depended on me a great deal. Â   Each morning before school I took him to the hospital where he received blood transfusions or chemotherapy to treat the lymphoma that was destroying his body. After school, I raced home to complete my homework so that I could later go to his apartment. There I cooked meals, cleaned up, and administered his oral and intravenous medications. Working with IVs became second nature to me. I found myself familiar with the names of drugs like Cytovene, used to treat CMV, Neupogen, to raise one's white blood cell count, and literally countless others.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers fc

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Crime is a part of our lives, it is everywhere! Controlling or eliminating crime and criminals is no easy task but it can not be ignored. Making sure those that are rightly accused to a just punishment is very important. There are many reasons why people commit crimes; some do it for the shear of enjoyment others do it to be able to survive. The death penalty should not be used for every crime, although I strongly believe it should be used for those who commit very violent crimes, such as murder. Deterrence is the means to punish those who commit crimes as an example and to create fear in others who might want to commit a crime. The death penalty is one way we use to create fear! Most people fear death one way or another. Ernest van den Hagg, in his article â€Å"On Deterrence and the Death Penalty† mentions, â€Å"One abstains from dangerous acts because of vague, inchoate, habitual and, above all preconscious fears† (193). Without this type of deterrence what would stop criminals that already in prisons for life keep from killing another inmate or a staff that works there? There are those that are against the death penalty called anti-death penalty advocates, they say that imprisonment by it self is enough to deter criminals, killing criminals is not needed! Hugo Bedau argues in his article, â€Å"Capital Punishment and Social defense† says, â€Å"Crimes can be deterred only by making would-be criminals frightened of being arrested, convicted, and puni shed for crimes† (301). According to Richard Seiter in his book â€Å"An Introduction Corrections† states that â€Å"From 1986 to 1997 the number of males that went to prison increased 70% while the number of females increased 118%† (210). It seems that just going to prison isn’t enough for some people. Without the death penalty insane people would kill others thinking they could get away with it and if not what’s the worst going to happened to them â€Å"Prison for life†! One could argue that the death penalty probably has saved someone’s life because it deterred someone from committing that act! Still anti-death penalty advocates believe that the death penalty is irreversible and that some people who really weren’t guilty are sentenced to death. Yes the death penalty is irreversible but the chance that an innocent person gets sentenced to death is extremely low. The judicial system goes threw extreme measures to insure this doesn’t happened! They do this by making sure that only when guilt is determined by clear and convincing evidenced be punished.

Analytical of Brent Staples Essay

In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space,† Brent Staples makes the most interesting idea that, people look – always – to black men as a threat, they see every dark skinned youth as an incoming danger, and that is what Staples implies in his essay. He also explains when he was young, people looked at him as a mugger or, a rapist or even worse. So, throughout his essay we can see Staples’ realization of the fact that, people – rarely – change their prospective about black guys. He is trying to bring discrimination problem into the spot light, a problem that should have disappeared hundreds of years ago. This problem still irritating the peace of this community and to find reasonable solutions for it, he is trying to make people sympathize with his cause by making them live his life in his own words. The literary elements Staples used played an important role to grab reader’s attention and feel his pain, and the problems he went through. His r ealization that he should deal with community with more understanding, and that appeared in his language and word choice along with the sarcastic tones, irony, and metaphors. At the beginning, Staples tries to visualize the first impact with the night walkers, he started with â€Å"my first victim† which is a sarcastic and yet very sad tone, because it carries in it a deep meaning of how people see him (188). The language indicates a good sense of understanding people around him, a sense of understanding in which he mentions specifically the distance between him and his â€Å"first victim† as â€Å"menacingly close† from her prospective even if it was from â€Å"discreet, inflammatory distance† in his prospective which, implicates a good understanding of the situation (188), even though the distant between the two of them was quite far his â€Å"first victim† considered dangerously close. Staples continues to analyze the situation that happened a â€Å"decade ago† with  more understanding. He explains why he felt bad when he was â€Å"a graduate student newly arrived at the University of Chicago† (188). He was able to change the surroundings, in a bad way, through only his presence among people as he looked â€Å"undistinguishable from muggers† (189). His tone is carrying a lot of sadness because his look may affect the reaction of others in a way that may have been hurting him. Staples also uses metaphors like â€Å"public space† to indicate the huge effect on the people around him (188), and â€Å"accomplice in tyranny† indicates irony because he never participated in such an action. On the contrary, people who treated him badly may have done it. â€Å"When fear and weapons meet† is another metaphor, and implies the danger of looking like a mugger for the people around you, and also sounds scary and dangerous. Staples also mentioned how he was helpless when people closed their door lock fearing him, he mentioned the sound which this act produces â€Å"thunk, thunk, thunk , thunk†. (189) He states how they are â€Å"hammering down† the door lock every time he is passing the stopped cars at night, which sounds horrifying not for them but for staples and this is a kind of irony because they are scared from him but their reaction scared him(189). Than staples mentions how when he moved to New York, the same stereotype remained and people also treated him the same when he used to walk at night, he describes the streets of Manhattan as â€Å"narrow and tightly spaced† and its buildings to â€Å"shut out the sky,† which is a symbolism that pictures the buildings as a barrier which close the sky (189). The situation could have been catastrophic for him when he passes people because they may fear the â€Å"worst of him† and take action according to that assumption and this could be fatal (189). Also, he mentions how people always â€Å"fear the worst of him† which is irony because the real fear comes from them as they may react violently thinking that they are protecting themselves not the opposite (189). Also, he mentioned how people â€Å"set their faces on neutral† when they see him this is another symbolism staples use to describe the reaction of people when they saw him, how uncomfortable they are around him. But, beside his sadness, Staples has a sense of understanding why people would do such a thing why they got scared when they see him, and that was clear when he said, â€Å"I understand, of course, that the danger they perceive is not a  hallucination† (189), which is an obvious tone of understanding. Staples also uses words like â€Å"aliena tion† which indicates his sadness and isolation because, it is his land but, feels as a stranger (189). Staples then explains that he is not a stranger from â€Å"Chester, Pennsylvak† and explains why he would never think like a mugger, or a rapist. He is saying that he â€Å"grew up like one of the good boys† which carries a lot of irony because, people thought that he is a bad person, but he was really one of good boys (189). He continues explaining why he grew up a good boy, how he buried his friends who really died young or as he said â€Å"they were babies† which is a metaphor that gives us a good idea of how those kids wasted their lives for nothing and died very young. That led Staples to be â€Å"a shadow†, a whose presence creates fear in people, and that is another irony because, how could the people get scared from such a nice guy? This nice guy is always misunderstood by people, always has been treated badly over the years. He mentioned how he could not prove who he is when he had a story to write and he is saying, â€Å"I had no way of proving who I was†, and the tone here is weakness, sadness, and bitty (190). He also mentions his experience in jewelry store, and how the lady back then thought He is a thief or something, and she got the dog â€Å"an enormous Doberman† (190), and that brings a picture to one’s mind about the dark ages when slavery took place, widely, all over The United States it shows the brutality, and discrimination that happens against African American youth as he mentions how â€Å"such episodes are not common. Black men trade tales like this all the time† (190). Staples mentions also that it is not only him who had been subjected to such discrimination but also several black guys who keep telling their stories as staples said, â€Å"black men trade tales like this all the time† (190) and that emphasizes the fact that this is a kind of discrimination against a group of people, in this case â€Å"the black men†. So to deal with that, staples â€Å"now take precautions† although it sounds as irony because, he is the victim of the community and yet he has to take precautions, and â€Å"make himself less threatening†? (190) Staples succeeded to grab people’s attention to his cause by showing his experiences and pain through several literary elements especially irony, metaphors and word choice, and that made the reader more sympathetic and understanding of his point of view and his situation. Staples also succeeded to bring this discrimination issue to the surface, and trying to find a solution for it, even if this solution was changing himself